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13. Which of the following concepts of the Uniform Commercial Code, dealing expressly with the sale of goods, best supports an action by the tool maker to recover $10,000 for breach of the manufacturer's July 1 promise?

On June 1, a widget manufacturer entered into a written agreement with a tool maker in which the tool maker agreed to produce and sell to the manufacturer 12 sets of newly designed dies to be delivered August 1 for the price of $50,000, payable 10 days after delivery. Encountering unexpected expenses in the purchase of special alloy steel required for the dies, the tool maker advised the manufacturer that production costs would exceed the contract price; and on July 1, the manufacturer and the tool maker signed a modification to the June 1 agreement increasing the contract price to $60,000. After timely receipt of 12 sets of dies conforming to the contract specifications, the manufacturer paid the tool maker $50,000 but refused to pay more.