34. Should the motion be granted?

The Fifth Amendment provides the right to be free of double jeopardy for the same offense. Once jeopardy attaches, a defendant may not be tried for the same offense twice. Jeopardy attaches during a jury trial at the empaneling and swearing-in of the jury. Crist v. Bretz, 437 U.S. 28 (1978). Or, in a bench trial, jeopardy attaches when the first witness is sworn in. Thus, during a preliminary hearing and/or grand jury investigation, double jeopardy has not yet attached.

A is correct. In this case, no jury had been empaneled, nor had a bench trial begun. As a result, jeopardy had not yet attached. Because there is no jeopardy during preliminary hearings or grand jury investigations, the prosecution acted properly and the motion should be denied.

B is incorrect. This answer reaches the correct answer with the wrong reasoning. Jeopardy does not only attach upon a conviction or acquittal. It attaches prior to judgment (whether on conviction or acquittal), but not until, in a jury trial, the jury is sworn, and in a bench trial, when the court begins to hear evidence.

C is incorrect. This is a misstatement of the law. Jeopardy does not attach following a preliminary hearing, it attaches upon the swearing-in of a jury or the presentation of evidence (swearing-in of the first witness) during a bench trial.

D is incorrect. As stated above, jeopardy does not attach until, in a jury trial, the jury has been empaneled, or during a bench trial, when the judge begins to hear evidence. Bringing the evidence before a second grand jury is within the prosecution's power because double jeopardy does not bar a grand jury from returning an indictment a previously impaneled grand jury refused to do so. See United States v. Williams, 504 U.S. 36, 49 (1992).